Installing a toilet may seem like a daunting task, but with the right tools and knowledge, it can be accomplished successfully through a DIY approach. One critical aspect of this process that is often overlooked is the use of leveling shims. These small, wedge-like pieces can make a significant difference in ensuring that your toilet is installed securely and operates efficiently. This article will delve into the importance of leveling shims during toilet installation, offering insights and tips to help you achieve a flawless setup.
The Importance of Proper Toilet Installation
A properly functioning toilet is an essential part of any home. Poor installation can lead to a variety of issues, such as leaking, wobbling, or even damage to the flooring underneath. Consequently, ensuring that the toilet is level and stable is paramount. This is where leveling shims come into play.
What are Leveling Shims?
Leveling shims are thin, wedge-shaped pieces typically made from plastic, wood, or composite materials. They are inserted beneath toilet base to raise one corner or side of the toilet, thereby ensuring it is perfectly level. Using shims helps to prevent tilting, which can lead to leaks and other problems over time.
Why Leveling Matters
When a toilet is unlevel, several issues can arise:
- Leaking: An unlevel toilet can put pressure on wax seals and couplings, leading to leaks that may not be immediately noticeable.
- Wobbling: An unsteady toilet can rock back and forth, which can cause structural damage over time.
- Increased wear: The components within the toilet can experience increased wear and tear, leading to premature failures.
- Uneven water flow: An unlevel toilet can affect the way waste is flushed away, potentially leading to clogs and poor performance.
Tools You Will Need for Installation
Before diving into the installation process, it’s essential to gather all the necessary tools, including:
- Adjustable wrench
- Screwdriver (both flat and Phillips)
- Level
- Wax seal (or a flange seal)
- Toilet bolts
- Plastic or wooden shims
- Bucket (to catch any water)
- Old rags or towels
Step-by-Step Guide to Toilet Installation
1. Prepare the Area
Before you start, make sure the area is clean and free of any obstructions. If you’re replacing an existing toilet, you will need to remove it first:
- Turn off the water supply to the toilet.
- Flush the toilet to empty the tank and bowl.
- Disconnect the water supply line from the tank.
- Remove the nuts from the toilet bolts at the base and lift the toilet off.
- Clean the flange and surrounding area where the new toilet will sit.
2. Install the Wax Seal
Once the area is prepped, place the wax seal onto the toilet flange. Make sure it is centered. The wax seal is crucial because it creates a watertight barrier once the toilet is installed.
3. Position the Toilet
Carefully lift the new toilet and align it with the wax seal and toilet flange. Lower the toilet until the base sits evenly on the wax seal while ensuring the toilet bolts come through the holes in the base.
4. Leveling the Toilet
Here’s where leveling shims become crucial. Once the toilet is positioned, check to see if it is level using a level tool:
- If the toilet is not level, gently lift one side and insert a shim underneath it.
- Recheck the level after adding each shim, adjusting as necessary until the toilet is perfectly level.
5. Secure the Toilet
With the toilet level, it’s time to secure it in place:
- Insert the washers and nuts onto the toilet bolts.
- Tighten them evenly to ensure the toilet is secured without cracking the porcelain.
6. Connect the Water Supply
Reattach the water supply line to the toilet and turn on the water supply. Check for any leaks around the connections.
7. Test the Toilet
Flush the toilet several times to ensure that it is functioning properly. Check for any leaks around the base and connections after about 30 minutes to an hour.
Understanding the Types of Shims
Leveling shims come in various materials and sizes, each with its unique properties:
- Plastic Shims: These are water-resistant and do not rot, making them a durable choice for bathrooms.
- Wooden Shims: More traditional and aesthetic, wooden shims can be cut to size easily but may not hold up to moisture.
- Composite Shims: These are engineered materials designed to withstand moisture while providing structural stability.
Best Practices for Using Leveling Shims
To ensure the best outcomes, follow these best practices when using leveling shims:
- Use enough shims to support the base fully—usually one or two per side is sufficient.
- Keep shims close to the toilet bolts for maximum stability.
- Trim any excess shim material sticking out from under the toilet for a cleaner look.
- Check the level after installation before applying any finishing touches.
Conclusion
In summary, installing a toilet can be a manageable DIY project if you take the necessary steps and precautions. Leveling shims play a vital role in ensuring that your toilet is stable and secure, ultimately preventing future issues like leaks and wobbles. By following the guidelines outlined in this article and understanding the importance of leveling, you’ll be able to install a toilet that functions properly and lasts for years to come. Don’t underestimate the small components like shims, as they can make a significant difference in the installation process.
FAQs
1. Can I install a toilet without shims?
While it’s possible, not using shims can lead to an unlevel toilet which may cause shifting, leaks, or an unstable feel. Shims are highly recommended to ensure proper installation and long-term functionality.
2. What if my toilet still wobbles after using shims?
If your toilet wobbles even after installing shims, you may need to check the status of the flange, as it might be broken or too high. Sometimes, a thicker shim or additional adjustments may be necessary.
3. How do I remove shims if I need to adjust the installation?
To remove shims, you may need to gently lift and wiggle the toilet slightly to free them. Always check for leaks afterward and ensure that the toilet is level again before re-securing the nuts.
4. Can leveling shims be reused?
While leveling shims can be reused, they should be inspected for any signs of damage or wear. If they are still intact and don’t show signs of moisture damage, they can be reused for future installations.
5. How often should I check my toilet for leaks?
It’s a good practice to check your toilet for leaks at least once a month or after any significant changes in water pressure or after repairs. Regular maintenance can help catch leaks before they become major problems.
